International and Comparative HRM in Asia Essay

International and Comparative HRM in Asia - Essay Example In short, human resource management is the source through which an organization makes sure that its capital and the power of human talent (whether individual or in terms of teamwork) is being utilized with maximum exposure and capabilities to achieve the future set targeted goals of the company. (Sims, 2006, p79) There are mainly two types of human resource management that are totally different from one another. These are domestic human resource management and international human resource management. This type of human resource management is only applicable to multinational companies that have their branches in more than one countries and have to look after the human resource management activities of their local as well as internationally hired employees. (Dowling et al, 2008, p5) If broadly discussed, international human resource management is more advanced, broad, and wide as compared to the domestic human resource management since it looks after the activities of not only the loca lly hired employees, but also takes care of its internationally hired employees in ... The human resource management department of the company is required to set processes and procedures across several subsidiaries so that all the employees could be treated on the same level and follow the same standards as others do. International human resource management has more concerns and activities as compared to the domestic human resource management, and they need a much wider prospective as compared to the domestic human resource management. The international human resource management department personnel are more involve in managing the employees' personal lifestyles and lives as there is more risk exposure, and external influences due to the changes in emphasis as the workforce mix of expatriates and locals varies. According to Pattanayak (2005, p412); on the other hand, domestic human resource management does carry almost the same human resource management activities and resources, but with a different approach and synchronization. Domestic human resource management is involved with employees and their benefits with only the limited boundary of local territories. It looks after the affairs, interests, fringe benefits, and other issues related to those employees who reside in the local territories. Hence, it does work for the betterment of the employees', but with limited bounded areas of nationally resided employees. Changing Trends of Human Resource Management in Asia (Tayeb, 2005, p185) With the passage of time, the human resource management practices have changed drastically, especially in the region of Asia because of the fact that the trade and business sector along with the economy has developed in this region. Not to mention the regions of Japan, Taiwan and South Korea where human resource management practices.

The Psychological Effects of Alcohol Consumotion Research Paper

The Psychological Effects of Alcohol Consumotion - Research Paper Example Alcohol is created through a chemical process of fermentation usually involved in a process of brewing or distilling. There are three main classes of alcohol: beer, wine, and liquor. Each one is unique in their strength and how they are made. Beer is traditionally brewed from hops using yeast for fermentation. Wine is made from a variety of grapes which is fermented to increase the alcohol content. Hard liquors have the highest alcohol content and are often created through a process known as distillation. There have been many different legislative actions which have influenced the use of alcohol in United States history. The first major event was the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment which prohibited the sale of alcohol in the United States. This caused an increased crime rate and increased sales of alcohol on the black market. The only way in which a person could get alcohol legally was through the prescription from a licensed physician. This was repealed by the twenty first amendment which once again allowed alcohol to be sold legally. There has also been legislature which has determined that no one under the age of 21 may consume alcohol in the United States and states are given the right to set restrictions on types of alcohol sales and hours of operations for establishments selling alcohol (Gately, 2008). What is alcohol? Alcohol is both water and adipose soluble. The chemical composition for alcohol (ethanol) is C2H5OH. The polarity of the molecule caused by the oxygen is what allows alcohol to interact with the body. This means that alcohol can go in and affect around 90% of the body’s components and systems. It specifically functions as a depressant by lowering the neuroelectrical activity in the central nervous system which in turn affects other parts of the body. Ethanol is specifically linked to dealing with the inhibition of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, and NMDA receptors. Alcohol also stimulates the secretion of dopamine in the dopaminergic reward pathway which is what accounts for the euphoric effect associated with drinking (Begleiter, & Kissin, 1996). This is also seen in the interaction with GABA receptors. GABA is principally used by the body to control stress response. Alcohol stimulates these receptors on GABA neurons which are why people usually report feeling calmer and more relaxed after consuming alcohol. This is also what helps with the psychological effect because this good feeling is reinforcing the alcoholic behavior. In addition to the physiological effects that are caused by the disruption of the levels of these neurotransmitters, there are also psychological effects to be considered. Once alcohol enters the body, it is metabolized in the liver where the alcohol is converted into acetylaldehyde. This organic molecule is then broken down into acetate, water, and carbon dioxide. The human body is able to process approximately one drink an hour. This is however dependent on many factors. The first key difference is in gender. Males can typically process alcohol faster than women due to water to fat ratio. This is because alcohol is soluble in both water and fat. Metabolism is also another important key factor in the process of alcohol. Too much alcohol can cause damage to many different organs. First, the liver is the most susceptible to damage. Even though the liver is the fastest regenerating organ in the body, scarring caused by overdrinking can